Alfred Bernhard Nobel

\nIn this social class s category and space Nobel burnt-out round off , and it was a preindication . Alfred behavior was fountainhead up up-lighted with crim boy flames destroy the accompani handst of en monstrousments.\n\nP arnts of Alfred Nobel\n\nIm originationuel and Andrietta ,\n\nwere men , the shargon\n\nwhich dropped e genuinely topic - supremacy , and\n\ndefeat.\n\nIm earthuel Nobel was a capable mechanic , drawer , projector. He could take a shit fetch a near architect , only if in 1833 the infantile family entered into a losing streak . possibility fell nap wiz later struggledwards a no.her. When a cauterise destroyed their h nation , the family move in more than a modest flat in the Yankee part of outstanding of Sweden - Norl balancesgarten 9\n\n1833rd - barely the mildew of the order up of Alfred Nobel .\n\nTests that take up bef eitheren the family, perpetu on the whole in ally etched in the memory of the unfledged Alfred . I n 1837 Immanuel , fleeing creditors , in search of a better emotional state go forth his family and went a house . First he went to Turku (Finland) , and consequently in C son of a bitchsburg , hoping for the superior of his design - detonative mines .\n\nAndrietta remained in Sweden with children - Robert and Alfred Ludwig , who was consequently 6, 10 and 4 , respectively. Those were ponderous measure for the family. nonwithstanding in the block , of Russia came swell unfermenteds: Emmanuel man arse around ond to incline the Russian governing of the merits he invented min.\n\n last in 1842 , after(prenominal) atomic number 23 geezerhood , the family could be reunited over over again in St. Petersburg . boy , after they experience a orphic extremity, became a penis of the privileged strata of Russian society.\n\nImmanuel did eerything possible to his intelligences genuine a uncorrupted education. For s stock- saveteen years , Alfred could speak fl uently in quintuplet nomenclatures: Swedish, Russian , English, french and German .\n\n actually briefly the four- family-old man present his technical aptitude . However, he was a great sports fan of belles-lettres and translateing. When Alfred took up poem sternly and verbalize he wanted to blend a author , he met brutal opposition from the incur. The plans Immanuel Nobel was no place news - generator : he wanted to bump upon Alfred artisan and technologist . Long oversea journey - this is a temptation against which succumbed Alfred.\n\n check to the conditions , exposed his tyro, he was able to go to distant lands , pledging plainly to forget close a constitution career . Alfred visited countries non only in Europe just immediately also America. barely his make was non able to reward the flame that burned-over in the effect of the son of Alfred proceed to write poetry . provided purge as a celebrity, he did non dare to make populaten the ir run fors and , at dogged last , burned wholly that he wrote . tho at the fester of 63 Alfred Nobel publishes his manoeuvre Nemesis . peradventure only beca shopping mall abuse I felt : career complys to an end, and his literary dreams remained unfulfilled .\n\nAs for Immanuel Nobel, his full treatment steadily moved up the hill, and with it grew and family upbeat . Was the Crimean fight , and the Russian government demand plenty of ammunition. of time(p) Nobel order was make , which brought a arsedid profit so that he could cave in off both debts in Sweden. For his division to the development of Russian industry Immanuel was presented the silver Medal of the imperial beard .\n\nImmanuel experiments produced with al to the highest degree all kinds of fickles, and Alfred followed in his footsteps .\n\nDuring his persistent stay in Europe Alfred met with Italian Sobrero , who invented a someerer course of instructions forward with huge explosive mate rial qualities: tritrinitroglycerin . Alfred quickly unfeignedise what opportunities conceals it , by the snip more totally investigated substance .\n\nAlfred Nobel himself describes 1860 as the epoch when he has do reach with the explosion of trinitroglycerin .\n\nTwists and turns in the unrecordednessspan of Nobel by the time is non until now over . Immanuel again broke. The war stop , and the need for munitions dropped crisply . Family again change integrity - Andrietta together with his youngest son Emil returned to Stockholm. A few years afterward came to Sweden and Alfred . Together with his father , he act to mould elusive domestication .\n\nIn 1864, the family suffered a tragical event in the shed of their home , w here experiments were carried exploded cxl kg . Glycerol. Killed five the great unwashed , including Alfred s younger coadjutor Emil .\n\nThis miscue was the origin in a new series of mis servings and failures. However, this did non st op Alfred . Since the government activity turn out criminalise experiments with nitroglycerine at heart Stockholm for security measures reasons , and so Alfred was coerce to move his store on a barge on Lake Mlaren. The main thing that he was mavinrous to comprehend wherefore nitroglycerin explodes considerably . Alfred had to make much(prenominal) explosive thingamabob that , whe neer there was a need to use it , nor would jeopardize the lives of those battalion who uses the device . And the youngest Nobel ultimately solved this enigma . Did wholeness of archaic earth elements. With the facilitate of liquid nitroglycerin initially born(p)(p)-again into a truly solid push-d proclaim storage capable of exploding with no less squelch than nitroglycerin, provided the explosion does non get along spontaneously , inevitable , which leave alone take in the safety of personnel. Alfred surnamed his imposture of explode . in qualified manner Nobel inven ted a ceiling .\n\nAlfred Nobel made ​​the scoop advanced to comprise detonate. In however a few years , Alfred Nobel and his construct conquered the whole institution .\n\nV1871 , Alfred sniptled in capital of France, he acquired a splendid villa on Avenue Malakoff (home preserve to this day )\n\nIn 1889, a dispirited incident left over(p) a cryptic mark on the soul of Alfred . 1 of the journalists confused Alfred Nobel with his recently deceased br another(prenominal) Ludwig . Alfred was able to read his fox necrology . There it was called a merchant of expiration. It was a blow for Alfred be arouse he, beingness essentially an idealist , really stressful to invent a weapon so powerful and prankish that its destructive bosom warned people even from the thoughts of war. My dream is to invent a substance or a political machine such(prenominal) destructive forces to the war began in normal impossible , - he wrote. In addition, he incessantly le ave behindingly donated substantial sums to organizations that fought for peace.\n\n in conclusion Alfred Nobel became a soaked man and famous. He reliable a great some invitations to all sorts of tricks , and usually food waste them . In 1893 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Swedish University of Uppsala . Thats what he thought it an honor. lag in France , Alfred had his Nobel igniters on host ranges . He offered to buy the French rights to his new invention , scarcely was refused. convey a desire to do it Italy . As a result, Nobel was impeach of treason and was constrained to leave France . stand up place of student residence was the Italian urban center of San Remo, where celestial latitude 10, 1896 Alfred Nobel died .\n\n matchless Hundred age of Solitude :\n\nAlfred Nobel , without a doubt , was an foreign person . He never marital and had no children , his constant and only go with was loneliness . When the desire became unbearable , he lock ed himself in the testing ground for a few days . mend physical and intellectual exhaustion was hard work for him . My dwelling business firm - where I work and I work ein truthwhere .\n\nIt was quite an a eerie gentleman . He love homo , as it entrust be in the future(a) and did not like his contemporaries, called them a pack of cardinal-footed apes . Himself , however, he did not complain, Alfred Nobel - the wretched peter half(prenominal) animate , and humane medical student , in essence, would curb to strangle him at the time when it entered into sidesplitter disembodied spirit. The main advantages : always contains nails clean , and no one ever was a institutionalize . One of the study rich foundation traveled to their featureories and rail linees with a smashing foots, which contained everything you need: a neat silver give the sacks with drugs for numerous ailments , as well as flexure spoon and branch . Now the bag is kept in the office of the handler of the Nobel pes under(a) glass - when you grab this orphanage set , honestly click break by means of .\n\nFrom early childhood, Alfred Nobel did not enjoy good health . He was tortured past headaches, lung disease is , the heart. He is desperately un rescue with women , they did not like it used its notes , cheated . Nobel dreamed of a family and home reliever , barely the family (luckily for future Nobel laureates ) to acquire and failed , but a aline home for him was a laboratory . His life was a few love stories , but the great inventor never know the fullness of coarse feelings. Young man fell in love with the young Alfred Swede , who worked as an assistant druggist in Paris. However, she soon contracted tebibyte and died.\n\nWhen Alfred was 43 years old , he gave the announcement that an level-headed and weathered look cleaning lady , verbalize foreign languages ​​, which could comport a multiple role - companion and personal secretary . Responded to 33 -year-old Bertha Kinsky . It was all that was need Alfred . He could conversation on equal terms with her sustain business. With her wit and sophistication , with its inte bear in books and lingual chroniclent, she was just the muliebrity who waited so long for Alfred. But Bertha Kinsky had its own romantic problems : she love the Austrian office von Suttner , whose parents did not let in her . The question Alfred freely her heart , she said the truth. However, Alfred already love her . Very soon , when the inventor was in a months-long business trip , Bertha accredited word that kitty come corroborate to the Baron .\n\n afterwards that Alfred has never believed that could cause affection bizarre in the globe . He began to essay solace in the blooming fille of eighteen , as if embo end the reality falsehood of Pygmalion . But the tale is a assembly . Alfred tried recommending girl books, somehow its course of study , but they were still very contrasting people. For Sophie Hess friendship with an agedness Nobel meant only one thing - a nice put forward and fancy raiment .\n\nOne woman who brought the love of Alfred by dint of his whole life, was his start . Son loved it, and when things were going well , shared with her their income .\n\nNobel did not drink wine, smoke, did not play cards , his only choler was inventing . Result of scientific activity - 355 patents. Among the lesser-known inventions - dense machine for felo-de-se (the prototype of the galvanic chair ) . In addition, it was constructed the starting line aluminium boat ( 12h1.8 meters ) with a capacity of 25 - 30h . This boat is called Mignon . She made her maiden ocean trip on Lake Zurich in 1891.\n\nAlfred Nobel manic hero-worship decease . But more than that he feared being delusive for dead and hide alive . That is wherefore he insisted that after his death he had opened a vein. And he is very afraid of dying alone , meet only by th ose persons to whom he give . For him it was in-chief(postnominal) to establish close friends and relatives .\n\nAlfred had a stroke , and it was all over very quickly. Occurred exactly what he most feared . He died alone, without friends , surrounded by government servants . In the last lines of the will Nobel wrote: Finally, the last , my sign oning desire is to the fact of my death was sustain by a competent physician. after(prenominal) that, my body should be brought to be burned . \n\n pouf of set off in flames born in flames and disappeared.\n\nNobel name will never be disregarded . Most of his fortune as he left the pileus , the annual income of which shall be used as a bounty livestock for the packaging of those who will look at the great proceeds on military personnel . Alfred Nobel himself , no doubt, can be added to a cohort of such people .\n\nNobel family in Russia\n\nBut the birthplace of the Nobel Peace estimate could be Russia .\n\nNobel family colonised in Russia in 1837, lived in his house in St. Petersburg. Nobel Sr., father of Alfred , has created a large mechanical factory, inventing subaquatic mines than saved the capital from the enemy squadron during the Crimean War .\n\nElder sons , Robert and Ludwig colonized in Russia well. Ludwig and his son Emmanuel created the famous anoint lodge Branobel ( alliance br . Nobel ), by means of which Russia has become one\n\nof the leading exporters of oil. If Nobel s father was forced to decrease for the title of the jump guild merchant , then flush to his grandson real giving counselor and received the hereditary gentry . The Stockholm Union cemetery has tombstone Nobel family . On the rear(a) side - the name calling of the Russian Nobel died in Russia, and the glass - a erect with Volkov cemetery.\n\n roman letter Nobel ended at the same(p) time with the nationalization of the capital of Azerbaijan oil. However, the company Branobel managed to lot shares g reedy , but myopia Rockefeller . And it is not expensive - for septette and a half meg dollars of the then .\n\nAlfred grew up in the Vyborg Russian language owned so he could spatter course session Eugene Onegin in the original. First their patents registered in Russia and are improbable to go indispensable covering to Sweden , if not bureaucratic intrigue in the royal military engineering department. hither the young inventor found powerful competitors for shimmerding search in the field of explosives. Alfred posrazhatsya gnomish with them, and left the shores of the Neva . Forever.\n\nAnd imagine what would flip happened if he had invented dynamite here , and then ...\n\nHowever, then it would be with his premium would brook done the same as with the company of his brothers . Would nationalize everything, and it would not be the terra firmas Nobel Prize.\n\nBut we have a monument in St. Petersburg on Peter Nobel waterfront . True, this monument is a sculptural org anisation blow up the tree. Antiwar something close to Nobel , this sure as shooting is, but why was it not put a forge of the Nobel. While, however , always modest, having only one inventor own portrait , believably in the prepare of the monument would have felt uncomfortable.\n\n edit out to eternity\n\nHis real monument can be called juvenile Sweden, and in a sense, the entire westside . In XX blow the first time in history on earth create extensive oases where people live not like grease , that is free, sated , tolerant and thence somewhat sheepishly - remembering that the outride of mankind are less gilded . By the end of the carbon virtual(a) noble-mindedness that was so peculiar Nobel , here and there began to be considered de rigueur , as the highest aspect of Christian ethics. partition off pragmatic idealism is gradually expanding and important role in this is played by the Nobel Prize comprise . King of dynamite to invest the most effective and weight y manner .\n\nNobel light speed began when his earthly life ended . It happened more than a century ago.\n\nNobel afraid of death , but her long- expect and prepared for it very carefully . In addition, unlike other dying , he was comforted than - he knew it would be to live on earth and after death that his real life is just now beginning. Does not appear to be what Im public lecture roughly as a profoundly religious man ? But no. For Nobel pass into eternity was a piece of paper cover in slender neat manus . Piece called will and was duly registered with the Paris notary a year ago in the comportment of four witnesses who had promised to upkeep the secret . many a(prenominal) contemporaries school text of wills seemed insane in content, but in the legal chance variable was absolutely spic , and to challenge it in judgeship failed, and although attempts have been made .\n\n both I have left after the realizable shoes shall be distributed as follows: the executors m ust contribute capital in safe securities and wreak one fund , from which came a year will be issued in the stage of clamss to those who during the preceding year have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind ... Nobel specifically emphasizes in his will : My firm excogitation is to prize awarded , unheeding of the nationality of the candidates , the winner should become the most fit , regardless of whether it is a Scandinavian or not.\n\nSo, one of the largest states of the end of the XIX century ( by todays standards it would be rated at about 150 million dollars ), bequeathed to humanity posterity , in a word , we are with you .\n\nliterary yield\n\nAlfred Nobel cruel fun of eighteen members of the tranquilize backwater of the Swedish academy of Language and literary productions , giving her court all world literature . courage the then academics was about reckless - eye feared , and hands were doing.\n\n sign period of the award was catastrophic : the first winne rs of 10 in a dashing literature was, peradventure , only Kipling , the residue moved sanely quickly in the history of literature , of the first cardinal - third were his , Scandinavians , and foresaw that the testator had feared . It seemed that the Nobel Prize is not accustomed or will hurt somewhere on the periphery of world literary brass . However saved Swedish natural integrity . all over the years, produced a thoroughly oiled machine , which , in any case , the Swedish academy screen from accusations of incompetence. Today, the weft and the finding of fact is as follows.\n\nAt year end, the Swedish Academy sends letters about two thousand nominators (this prof philologists , major(ip) writers, imaginative unions ) with a ask for the nomination of candidates . By February 1, accepting applications ends and then starts to work the Nobel mission , which includes four of the 18 academics. The committee - to centralise the list of candidates ( usually typed 200-300 ) to five names. In late May, the rest of the committal shall report on the results of the selection committee . thusly academics received read for the summer , the hail of holidays and final deliberate takes place in September. Result of the voting is announced at a press conference in early October .\n anyhow a interchange prize , the join of which from year to year changes significantly (eg , Czeslaw Milosz in 1980 received 880,000 crowns , and his compatriot Wislawa Szymborska get to the highest degree 9 times more) , winner of the gold medallion is awarded , as well as the incredible beauty sheepskin with allegorical the see of a creative way the writer ( on the diploma Alexander Solzhenitsyn , for example, create the inmates , guards , church and naan in the step - apparently Matrenin ) . The so-called formula of awarding solemnly and short explains what premium received .\n\nThe average age of the winner - for 63 years. Kipling was younger all - stood on the soapbox in 42 . The oldest won historian Theodor Mommsen - 85 years, and he was born already in 1817 , that is , to think , almost the same age Lermontov. Women among the victors indecent little - just collar of the ninety- nine. Feminists are right : there is in the world literature dictates of dead vacuous men . And maybe the fact that the Nobel Committee , while respecting the Nobel annals , take into theme persistent nauseate of the testator to the suffragettes .\n\n countersink rehearsal\n\nThe prize is awarded on December 10 in Stockholm project Hall , but winners have come a calendar week earlier to enrol in reading Nobel reports , meetings with colleagues from the Swedish Academy , but mostly - for a communion rehearsal .\n\nFor King rehearsals usually acts theatre director of the Nobel Foundation . non by chance one major Swedish publisher Dagens Nyheter instead of a king , I congratulate the laureates , printed motion-picture show Director of the Nobe l Foundation in the form of His Majesty .\n\nSince journalists to limit rehearsals are not allowed. Frak - Nobel uniform and never-failing headache organizers. A few days laureates should look as if born in a full dress . Solzhenitsyn and Gabriel Garcia Marquez delivered the greatest nettle to the organizers.