Money Can Buy Happiness By Margaret Guancia Essay

Money Can Buy Happiness By MP Dunleavey Prepared by: Julie Ann Guancia Submitted to: Anne Mien In the book â€Å"Money can buy Happiness† tells about spending money on important and substantial things that bring us long lasting happiness. It provide some helpful information and tips which can be applied in our daily living. If you want to find out how to put together the most of your money in order to get a good and happy life (good return on investment). This book also creates awareness of how we spend our money, investments and savings wisely. For those who wants to analyze whether their spending habits align with their values, this book can be an eye opener for them. MP Dunleavey, is the author of Money Can Buy Happiness. She is an award-winning personal finance author, editor, consultant, specializing in women and money. She is also a former columnist for The New York Times, and MSN Money. Dunleavey points out some good ideas about financial key terms to validate how spending money when makes you happy, makes a lot of sense. The best parts of this book are the parts that focus on happiness and evaluating if you are using money for its intended purpose. Happiness can be describe in many ways. For some they would say spending time with their loved ones, having a good relationship, having a good job, being able to live in luxury, being able to buy all their needs, having a good meal, being healthy, having enough money being free from debts and stress. These are only

Cold Blood - 1139 Words

In the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote (1965) gives his own narrative of the Holcomb tragedy in which a family of four living out on a secluded farm were slaughtered with a shotgun by the collaboration of two individuals for a seemingly few dollars. In this novel, Capote gives a thorough character description of the two murderers, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, as he recreates their experience (much as he sees it as it would be from their eyes). He gives accounts preceding the event, through it, and eventually into their trial and execution. From the descriptions Capote provides, a psychological analysis of the mental states of Hickock and Smith can be asserted. Richard Hickock can be seen as possessing significant traits†¦show more content†¦Richard Hickock can be seen as possessing significant traits of psychopathy, while his partner Perry Smith is seen with traits similar to that of a life-course persistent offender. Through the described personality ch aracteristics and brief histories of Hickock and Smith, this essay will address this assertion with the two in question as individuals themselves, within their relationship to each other, and also as other characters see and analyze their psychological well being. The reader gets to â€Å"know† Perry Smith very well throughout the novel and acquires the sense that Capote feels sympathetic to his situation as compared to that of Hickock. Smith, introduced as much the loner type, is described by the narrator and the character Smith himself (in a letter to a psychiatrist) as growing up in a low socio-economic bracket with a broken family accompanied by a lack of love and stability characterizing his childhood (and continuing on to adulthood in which is the state of which the book... Read Full Essay In the non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote (1965) gives his own narrative of the Holcomb tragedy in which a family of four living out on a secluded farm were slaughtered with a shotgun by the collaboration of two individuals for a seemingly few dollars. In this novel, Capote gives a thorough character description of the two murderers, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, as he recreates their experience (much as he sees it as it would be fromShow MoreRelatedIn Cold Blood1256 Words   |  6 PagesTruman Capote’s non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood, was a breakthrough in literacy in that it was accredited as the first non-fiction novel. There was a lot of controversy when the book was first published because of the incredibility of the work. This could be expected in that time, because people where not familiar with the concept of non-fiction novels yet, but this is where the beauty of this style of writing lies, the recreation of the truth. It would have been impossible fo r Capote to have documentedRead MoreIn Cold Blood1371 Words   |  6 PagesTruman Capote’s use of form in his novel In Cold Blood really grabs the reader’s attention. His manipulation of form makes the reader feel as if they are part of the investigation that occurred after the unforgettable night at the Clutter house. He places the information that he gathered from the research in the book in a very interesting sequence that leaves the reader in a state of confusion. The way he jumps from the investigation to the killers within the book adds a sense of dramatic irony butRead MoreIn Cold Blood999 Words   |  4 PagesIn Truman Capote’s non-fiction novel In Cold Blood, the Clutter family’s murderers, Perry Smith and Dick Hickock, are exposed like never before. The novel allows the reader to experience an intimate understanding of the murderer’s pasts, thoughts, and feelings. It goes into great detail of Smith and Hickock’s pasts which helps to explain the path of life they were walking leading up to the murder’s, as well as the thought’s that were running through their minds after the killings. Perry Smith wasRead MoreIn Cold Blood1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe book I chose to read and do my book journal on this quarter was In Cold Blood by Truman Capote. I really thought that this book was much longer than it really should have been, although it was still a fairly interesting book. The idea that someone you have never met and never heard about could rob and kill everyone in your house is a rather unnerving notion. In this book there is really only one part that I cannot figure out. Towards the end of the book Al Dewey one of the men responsibleRead MoreImagery in in Cold Blood876 Words   |  4 PagesTruly successful authors have the ability to convey their view of a place without actually saying it, to portray a landscape in a certain light simply by describing it. In the opening paragraphs of In Cold Blood, Truman Capote does just this. Through his use of stylistic elements such as selection of detail, imagery, and figurative language, Capote reveals his own solemn and mysterious view of Holcomb, Kansas, while setting the stage for an imminent change. Beginning in the first line of the passageRead MoreCold Blood by Truman Capote900 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1965, Truman Capote created the infamous tale known as â€Å"In Cold Blood†. The book created the illusion of fantasy while based on reality. Many people were floored at the brilliance Capote demonstrated within the pages. The book took the literary concept of a novel with the literary elements of designed scenes, characters, a story formed with an introduction, rising action, climax and resolution to the real events surrounding the murder of the Clutter family. Those that worked in the field ofRead MoreIn Cold Blood Authorial Intents1703 Words   |  7 PagesIn Cold Blood: Two Intents, One Novel On November 15, 1959, the whole nation was shocked by a ghastly murder involving four family members in the discrete farm town of Holcomb, Kansas. It was most shocking because a crime of this magnitude with no motive was rare. This was so discomforting a well known author, by the name of Truman Capote, moved to Holcomb to record the townspeople’s reaction to the tragedy. The idea of how they responded to the crime gave Capote the idea to write a book. In ColdRead MoreIn Cold Blood Book Review896 Words   |  4 Pagesand motives of complex crime, read Truman Capote’s â€Å"In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences.† If one scares easily, is squeamish or wants to avoid imagining a remorseless, brutal killer around every corner, do not. In his 1965 nonfiction novel, Capote paints a disturbingly vivid picture of the quadruple murder of the Clutters, a highly regarded and semi-wealthy farming family from Holcomb, Kansas. In Cold Blood examines the incentives and methods used by the killersRead MoreCold Blood By Truman Capote1322 Words   |  6 Pages In Cold Blood by Truman Capote would be a good, diverse addition to the ENG 3U course for many reasons, beginning with how the novel is non-fiction, but still manages to create a story line, while remaining appealing for the reason that it differs from most novels on course syllabus to the way the author can make you feel for the characters. In Cold Blood is a novel written about a real life event that happened in Holcomb, Kansas, 1959. A family of four is murdered in their house in cold bloodRead MoreCold Blood : The Trial Of The Century966 Words   |  4 PagesIn Cold Blood verses the Trial of the Century Timelines and storytelling are two of the important aspects of any trial which occurs in the American Courts. The story of â€Å"In Cold Blood† by Truman Capote’s original publication in a four part article in The New Yorker, In Cold Blood was turned into a movie, some would say a documentary of the mass murder, it mirrors the crime O.J. Simpson was accused of in many aspects as being brutal and deliberate but as in both instances the stories appear to bring

Human Resource Management for Travel and Tourism Frishco

Questions: 1. Analysis of different methods in which Frishcos HR department engages its employees.2. Critical discussion of the potential consequences of the organizations inability to address the employee engagement issues including how it would affect their motivation.3. Evaluation of the methods that create the most impact in achieving highest level of employee engagement within Frishco. Answers: Introduction This report introduces the detailed analysis of the case study related to Frishcos HR department. Frishco is a brand having a worldwide recognition where its Knightbridge store has a big selling space. It states about the analysis of the different methods that Frishcho has practiced for the purpose of engaging its employees (Truss et al. 2013). The different methods include job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation along with changing the leadership styles. The report has critically discussed the potential consequences due to the organizations inability to address the employee engagement problems (Albrecht et al. 2015). Such consequences include deteriorated employee morale, decreased job performance and output, demotivated employees and clients. The report has also made the evaluation of the methods that create the most impact in achieving the highest level to engage the employee in Frishco (Wang and Hsieh 2013). The report has introduced the issues that Frishco is currently facing and the solutions to fix them. There are different methods to improve the employee engagement in the organization. Such methods as good quality line management, commitment to employee well being, two way open communication, effective cooperation, clear HR policies and practices, fair pay and benefits are been described in the report. 1. Analysis of different methods in which Frishcos HR department engages its employees. Frishcos HR department has applied different methods to increase the engagement of their employees (Breevart et al. 2014). The other method is changing the culture of the organization for enabling the business to meet the employee needs along with maintaining the values of the company. The culture can be changed through changing the leadership style. If the leadership is made favorable to the employees then it will lead to meet their needs as they have much opportunity to express their requirements. The methods that are used to increase employee engagement are recruitment and selection, performance and development (Bal, Kooij and De Jong 2013). The methods also include the development of the employees for building their careers with Frishco through the identification of the career progression opportunities ((Albrecht et al. 2015). Frishco adopts several procedures to increase the employee engagement program such as changing the organizational structure, changing the leadership, improved communications, living the brand values (Truss et al. 2013). They are keen to change the organizational structure through job enrichment. Here job enrichment is the process to add more responsibilities for enhancing job satisfaction. Frishco also prefers the method for changing the leadership style in the organization. In such environment, the employees will be given much more space to take decisions by themselves. They apply the transformational leadership where the vision of the organization is built at the top management. In such case, each and every employee gets engaged with the vision through the help of personal leadership. Frishco has used different methods in order to utilize their HR skills and functions to address their employee engagement. They have concentrated to improve the communication level among the employees to increase their participation (Albrecht et al. 2015). The improved communication among the employees regarding the operational work in the organization actually encourages them for their views towards the management. Frishco also makes sure that every person understands the value of the brand. It is also a procedure for increasing the engagement of the employees. The internal employee magazine, morning briefing, intranet, quarterly employee forum, employee voice form are also the procedures in their organization to engage the employees (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra 2014). The morning briefing gives the information to the teams of the Frishco shop floor about the activities of the day. The intranet enables information sharing with the employees. The quarterly employee forum actually enables the employees for presenting the issues and contributing to the strategy of the company. The Bright Ideas provides the encouragement to the employees for sharing innovative ideas to make improvement in the overall structure of Frishco (Wang and Hsieh 2013). The company focuses on democratic leadership style where the employees are used to listen to their ideas and make improvements on continuous basis. Therefore the culture builds the trust and respect and it is basically the key regarding the engagement of Frischos employee. The three elements that also encourage employee engagement are Talent Spotting, Mentoring and Coaching, Supporting Networks. The talent spotting involves identification of the talented persons who have the ability to make important contributions to Frishco (Duffield et al. 2014). The mentors and coaches provide advice and guidelines along with structured feedback to the people who are less experienced. The Line Managers in Frishco communicate their organizational targets to the employees through face to face interactions. They agree regarding objectives and involve people to take advice regarding new ways of working. In Frishco, the managers also meet with the other managers for sharing ideas and problems to get better solutions regarding the retail business (Saleem, Shaheen and Saleem 2012). Job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment are the process which can also increase the employee engagement. The Job rotation makes periodical change of the jobs and the work places. It makes various job opportunities to the employees. Job enlargement actually encourages the employee to take additional tasks. The Job enrichment enables the employees for engaging in wider variety of tasks such as taking additional leadership responsibility and removal of unnecessary supervision. The good quality line management, two way open communication makes the space for the employees to openly express their ideas to the management (Zareen, Razzaq and Mujtaba 2013). The commitment to well being employee, effective cooperation, good HR policies, fair pay and benefits along with focus on the development of employees increase the involvement of the employees in Frishco. 2. Critical discussion of the potential consequences of the organizations inability to address the employee engagement issues including how it would affect their motivation. Frishco is a company having an established repute throughout the world. The company has faced several problems as it was unable to address the employee engagement issues. The company was unable to track that how the problems will affect their motivation. The employees who are not so much engaged in Frishco can be costly to the organization (Choudhary 2016). The disengagement of the employees actually kills the overall morale of them and it eventually leads to decreased output. Such demotivation leads to absenteeism and lateness. If the organization is unable to understand the problems regarding employee engagement then they will not be able to adopt the strategies which can motivate them. The company should adopt a leadership style which would give proper space to their employees to openly express their ideas and opinions for decision making. Such authority will motivate them to work in full fledge. If those employees are not given such authority for a high level of participation in decision making then they feel demotivated towards the work they are doing (Mone and London 2014). This will result to lower level performance of the organization and it will lead to decreased market share. A problem that took place in Frishco is the difference between customer and employee experience. Frishco should make a detailed analysis about why there is the difference existing. If such problems are not been analysed in a proper manner, then it will severely affect the impression on both the customer and employees mind. Frishco makes a practice of democratic leadership which will not be effective in case of decrease of sales (Karatepe 2013). There are other problems such as reactive decision making, inconsistent style of management which can lead to evil results for the company. If the hierarchies of the management are not clearly defined then it can lead to confusions between the management professionals regarding decision making (Choudhary 2016). Incoherent communication is also a problem, which can make a lot of misunderstanding between the people in the organization. The poor work life balance, few opportunities and low perceptions are also other issues which if the organization is not able to handle can lead to disastrous results. One of the potential consequences is the higher employee turnover (Bakker, Tims and Derks 2012). A high employee turnover rate symbolizes higher number of employees leaving the organization in a particular calendar year. The higher employee turnover rate has a significant level of cost and performance implications to a business. If Frishco faces a high level of employee turnover rate then it will lead to loss of expertise and increased requirement of training the new employees. The company will also face a problem from increased cost of recruitment. As the expert people leave the organization, it will lead to degradation of the overall performance of the company leading to less market share (Biswas and Bhatnagar 2013). If the employees get lesser opportunities in their job responsibilities then they will get demotivated to work further. A poor balance in work-life will lead the employees to a mental discomfort zone. They will lose the interest of their job responsibilities and will go to quit the job. Proactive decision making always lead the company to flourish to their fullest extent. But Frishco has a practice of reactive decision making which lacks the assertion of the management professionals from the initial time (Sonnentag et al. 2012). Therefore, there is a high chance that the organization can be in an acute financial crisis as they have not planned to face the evil situation in advance. If Frishco suffers from employee disengagement, there will be a lot of issues regarding manpower cost. The company will be going through financial loss due to shortage of manpower as it will not have sufficient manpower while serving their customer. It will lead to less revenue generation and will lower the market share of the company. As per Vrooms Expectancy Theory, behavioural option can be selected by a person on the basis of his goal. There is also an equation, which states that motivation is the product of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Here, motivation is the particular amount where an individual will get motivated by the environment he is involved. Expectancy is normally peoples perception that effort will result in performance. On the other hand, instrumentality is the perception where the performance will be rewarded (Karatepe 2013). Valence is the perceived amount regarding the punishment or reward that will result from performance. If Frishco empowers any of these three factors then it will eventually increase the motivation of its employees. If any of the factors are degraded keeping the other factors unchanged, it will result to demotivation and disengagement of the employees towards their work. 3. Evaluation of the methods that create the most impact in achieving highest level of employee engagement within Frishco. There are several methods that have the capability to achieve higher level of employee engagement. But the methods that can create the most impact in achieving the highest level of employee engagement is job enrichment, enlargement and rotation (Biswas and Bhatnagar 2013). In case of job enrichment, the existing job roles enable the employees to get engaged in wider varieties of tasks. In such case there may be some addition of team leadership responsibility and removal of unnecessary supervision. The job enrichment is the concept of the management that makes the involvement of restructuring of the jobs. It can be more challenging for the employees having less repetitive work. In case of Frishco, if an executive employee serving the customers is given additional responsibilities such as supervising an entire team in a floor, then the job of that particular person gets enriched. In case of job enlargement, additional responsibilities will be added in the basic responsibilities of the employees. It will increase the responsibilities and tasks for making the position more challenging. The job rotation will provide exposure of the various dimensions to the employees (Bakker, Tims and Derks 2012). The job rotation is normally the practice to move the employees between several tasks for promoting experience and variety. It is basically the method through which the employers will use the method for rotating the assigned tasks in their employment. The method of democratic and participative leadership is also the most preferred one for enhancing the employee engagement. In case of democratic and participative leadership, the employees get much more opportunity to express their ideas and opinions regarding management decisions. The style of participatory leadership makes an attempt for adding a democratic dimension where there is top down hierarchy (Karatepe 2013). If Frishco maintains such participative leadership they will be able to involve the employees in higher extent. If the employees get added responsibilities, added work and additional authority regarding decision making through personal leadership, then they will have a sense of ownership about the task they are doing. The quarterly employee forum and the other forms of employee voice are also the other procedures that can make the employees bound to be more engaged towards the organization. In the quarterly employee forum, a facility is given to the employees for sharing their problems (Mone and London 2014). The Bright Ideas scheme also makes the encouragement of the employees for sharing the ideas for the improvement of Frishco. The way which can make the employees of the organization to be more engaged is fair pay and good HR policies that are clearly accessible by the employees (Mirvis 2012). If the employees of the organization get a good salary and other non monetary benefits, they will definitely have the tendency to stick with the organization with a greater involvement. Conclusion From the above discussions and analysis, it can be stated that though Frishco has achieved a worldwide popularity in their retail business, there are some drawbacks which created problems in their management structure resulting to employee turnover. A solution to such issues is to increase the employee engagement. To increase the employee engagement, job rotation, job enlargement, job enrichment should be imposed. The leadership style should be participative so that there will be space for the employees to express their opinion regarding decision making. These methods will motivate the employees to stay involved in the maximum level with Frishco. The good quality line management, two way open communication, effective cooperation, fair pay and benefits along with focusing on the development of the employee will also increase employee participation. Frishco should change their leadership style as per the varying situation to stay competitive in the market. If the company removes the pr oblems regarding inconsistent management style, incoherent communication, poor work-life balance then it will be able to remove the issues such as lateness, absenteeism of the employees. Such solutions will lead the company to fix the issues regarding decreased job performance and decreased output. Overall, the HR policies will be such that it will make Frishco to be an organization of flexible manpower. References Albrecht, S.L., Bakker, A.B., Gruman, J.A., Macey, W.H. and Saks, A.M., 2015. Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), pp.7-35. Bakker, A.B., Tims, M. and Derks, D., 2012. Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement.Human relations,65(10), pp.1359-1378. Bal, P.M., Kooij, D.T. and De Jong, S.B., 2013. How do developmental and accommodative HRM enhance employee engagement and commitment? The role of psychological contract and SOC strategies.Journal of Management Studies,50(4), pp.545-572. Biswas, S. and Bhatnagar, J., 2013. Mediator analysis of employee engagement: role of perceived organizational support, PO fit, organizational commitment and job satisfaction.Vikalpa,38(1), pp.27-40. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Choudhary, S., 2016. Job enrichment: A tool for employee motivation.IJAR,2(5), pp.1020-1024. Duffield, C., Baldwin, R., Roche, M. and Wise, S., 2014. Job enrichment: creating meaningful career development opportunities for nurses.Journal of nursing management,22(6), pp.697-706. Karatepe, O.M., 2013. High-performance work practices and hotel employee performance: The mediation of work engagement.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, pp.132-140. Mirvis, P., 2012. Employee engagement and CSR.California Management Review,54(4), pp.93-117. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. and Mishra, A., 2014. Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183-202. Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2014.Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Saleem, S., Shaheen, W.A. and Saleem, R., 2012. The impact of job enrichment and job enlargement on Employee satisfaction keeping employee performance as Intervening variable: a correlational study from Pakistan.Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review,1(9), p.145. Sonnentag, S., Mojza, E.J., Demerouti, E. and Bakker, A.B., 2012. Reciprocal relations between recovery and work engagement: the moderating role of job stressors.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(4), p.842. Truss, C., Alfes, K., Delbridge, R., Shantz, A. and Soane, E., 2013.Employee engagement in theory and practice. Routledge. Wang, D.S. and Hsieh, C.C., 2013. The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee engagement.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,41(4), pp.613-624. Zareen, M., Razzaq, K. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2013. Job design and employee performance: The moderating role of employee psychological perception.European Journal of Business and management,5(5), pp.46-55.

Steroid use and Sports an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Steroid use and Sports by Expert Prof Solphie | 29 Nov 2016 The steroids taken by athletes contain testosterone or chemicals that act in a similar way to testosterone, which help increase the development of male sexual characteristics. So, as well as promoting the growth of skeletal muscles, steroids basically turns women into men and men into monsters. Need essay sample on "Steroid use and Sports" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed "The Steroid Story, What they are, what they do, and what you need to know about the uses and abuses of anabolic steroids" According to the author Laura Bonetta this article beautifully highlights that anabolic steroids, the trendy name of artificial substances connected to the male hormone testosterone, are helpful drugs that doctors recommend to treat incapacitating diseases. But gradually more, they are being abused by strong people to pick up an athletic presentation and appearance. Moreover, one of the main scandals in new sports history exploded in 1998, when Mark McGwire first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals and an applauded home-run king confessed he used androstenedione to improve his performance on the field. Strength Of Anabolic Steroids According to the author of this article The human body construct various dissimilar kinds of hormones, which are released into the blood and act similar to messengers to control the function of different tissues and organs. Testosterone is a hormone made first and foremost in mens testes that triggers a lot of the changes that occur throughout puberty ty. Moreover, females also have small amounts of it in their bodies. Weaknesses of Anabolic Steroids Though a variety of anabolic steroids may be at variance with their relative level of anabolic in opposition to androgenic effects, there are no purely anabolic steroids, says Cynthia Kuhn, a pharmacology professor at Duke University Medical Center. He also highlights this fact that means that an athlete taking anabolic steroids to get better muscles will knowledge side effects that have to do with the androgenic functions of these drugs. Psychological Characteristics of Adolescent Steroid Users According to this article of Kent F. Burnett, anabolic-androgenic steroids have been used since the early 1950s to improve the athletic presentation, the occurrence of use appears to have greater than before significantly in recent years. Chiefly disturbing is the augmented incidence of their use amongst adolescents. The rising proof of habituation amongst adolescent steroid users and the strongly reinforcing properties of the drugs have created a pressing require for more information concerning the psychosocial characteristics of the adolescents who use these drugs. Such information would dish up an imperative role in the growth of effectual intervention and obstacle programs. Thus, the goals of the present study were to methodically assess a broad variety of psychosocial characteristics in mutually steroid-using and nonsteroid-using adolescents and to decide if any of these characteristics might prove helpful in differentiating flanked by these groups. According to the research analysis of this article, the data did not recognize any exclusive personality characteristics that distinguish athletic adolescents who use steroids from athletic adolescents who do not use steroids. Further, while no cause-and-effect conclusions can be drawn, the mood trouble data point to that there are a number of potentially serious harmful psychological effects throughout steroid use cycles. Steroid Substitutes: No-Win Situation for Athletes According to the author Kevin L. Ropp that though the three drugs are not steroids, all are battered in sports since athletes believe they improve performance. From athletes in international rivalry to college and high school athletes to the teenager who just wants to "bulk up," people of all ages and aptitude have found alternatives to putting back anabolic steroids. No doubt, the study also set up that a lot of steroid-type ingredients, called sterols, were being advertised. With the exemption of ecdysterone, the sterols were all plant derivatives, Ecdysterone is a bug hormone with no known use in humans. Human growth hormone, or HGH, is one more popular steroid option. Produced of course by the human body, HGH's only accepted medical use is to treat pituitary dwarfism, but it is under study to treat other disorders. Contrasting anabolic steroids to those steroid alternatives, Leggett says, "We accepted all of these anabolic steroids for family use in treating diseases like anemias, osteoporosis, and convinced cancers. We know what to wait for from their label dosage and overdoses. A few short-term reactions from using steroid options are alike to those associated with anabolic steroid abuse. These reactions comprise bloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, severe acne, early balding, bloating linked by water retention, and greasy skin. Clenbuterol, gamma hydroxybutyric acid, human enlargement hormone, and erythropoietin, all banned in global competition, are a few of the more well-liked steroid alternatives athletes are now abusing. But, Leggett says, this list is probably to produce as athletes trial with dissimilar and new chemicals. Research Challenges After reviewing the above articles we can say that steroids are dangerous when used in any manner without medical supervision. Athletes that compete in a competitive sport usually use it to gain an advantage over their opponents. The problem is that it has undesired side effects for men, women, and even the unborn. There have been many famous athletes at the Olympics that have used steroids and have achieved Olympic glory by winning the gold medal. But when they were tested for drug use and were found positive for drugs, they were embarrassed in front of the world and shamed their country. When abused steroids are no longer anabolic, they stop building the bodies tissue and start tearing it down, as anything will when used in excess. No doubt, this research can be expanded in detail because it also had the great effect on the social and ethical behavior of adults. In conclusion, the use of anabolic steroids is a serious mistake that many athletes make when competing in sports. But this research is highlighting the causes of steroid on sports athletes because when they were tested for drug use and were found helpful for drugs, they were uncomfortable in front of the world and shamed their country. When abused steroids are no longer anabolic, they stop building the bodies tissue and start tearing it down, as anything will when used in excess. Reference Laura Bonetta (2004, August). The Steroid Story, What they are, what they do, and what you need to know about the uses and abuses of anabolic steroids, American School Board Journal, August 2004 Kent F. Burnett , Mark E. Kleiman 2002, Psychological Characteristics of Adolescent Steroid Users. Journal Title: Adolescence. Volume: 29. Issue: 113. Publication Year: 1994. Page Number: 81. Kevin L. Ropp 2002, Steroid Substitutes: No-Win Situation for Athletes. Magazine Title: FDA Consumer. Volume: 26. Issue: 10. Publication Date: December 2002. Page Number: 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_sport

Autobiographical Incident Essay Essays

Autobiographical Incident Essay Essays Autobiographical Incident Essay Paper Autobiographical Incident Essay Paper The little boy looked no more than five years old, his dark-shaded skin glowing against the last bit of sunlight, illuminating the black-eyes that were inlayer in his angelic face. He Jumped again and again, trying to make the apparatus shift, however in vain. The apparatus that spun obediently under my control was now adamant to standstill. I watched quietly, afraid that my heavy breathing would scare the little creature. The boy bounced about, like a rider unable to order his horse forward. The horse whined under him, but that was all it did. Go! My brother yelled t me in Chinese, he was perched on the very top of the climbing equipment, trapped between countless ropes and cords, help him out! I din t know whether I should move or not, the air inhaled hurt my nostrils and punctured my lungs. The boys seeking eyes wandered between me and my brother, the latter too far to reach. I did not dare meet his glance, so I buried myself back in my book, pretending to suddenly be engrossed i n the details of the pale pages. The words drained off, like someone abruptly flushing the toilet, wink, wink, and then everything was gone. What are you waiting for?! he yelled again. My head snapped up. I saw his legs dangling in the wind with a brisk swiftness. Wordless, I shot the little boy a quick glance. He was staring at me. But I had other Concerns. But what if his parents see-? -Just go! he Jerked his head in the boys direction with a sudden fierceness, frowning, his lips stretched tight. I was afraid, not of the boy, neither my little brother. The angel is Indian, I, however, am Chinese. What would others think if I walked towards the baby? Do you need any help? Eating aside the book that weighted hundreds and hundreds of pounds, way too heavy to bear any longer, I stood up as the little boy nodded. Muff. Clear was his voice, limpid in the cacophony of shouts and cheers from the other side of the park. I put my hands on the iron bar, it was cold and slippery. Tense was the child, and so were l. The Jarring sounds the apparatus made under his weight was harsh. The disobedient animal was pushed forward, whini ng, but had no strength to push back. And so faster it went. Whoa! the dark angel giggled, slow down! And so it did. Oh have to tell me. I said, not too loud, at the ball of fur under me. I could feel a smile tingling at the corner of my lips. He did not look up, but grabbed the bar firmly. I turned and turned and turned. He spun and spun and spun. Do you want to go a bit faster? I asked after a while, the tension between us was unnerving. He nodded, miss Kelly! My brother bellowed. He frightened me, Mom at 8 oclock! My body stiffened, but the hand spinning the bar continued, mechanically. Vaguely, I could smell a dim fragrance of perfume approaching, gradually getting stronger. My back faced the closing mother, and I acted as if I din t know her existence. The sore sensation in my back grew as I tried to maintain my position. Spun and spun and spun. The sound of nervous but urgent footsteps haunted my thoughts, the fragile pieces of wood smashed and crumpled, like my frozen brain breaking into pieces, leaving nothing but clatters echoing my hallow mind. Turned and turned and turned. My heart thundered under my bones. How would she think of me? Suddenly, a pair of hands dropped on the little boys arms, grabbing him firmly. A women in black appeared next to me. Involuntarily, my hand closed tightly on the bar to stop it, the screechy sounds made me even more strained than I was. Taking a step back, the invisible force seemed to reduce a little. I felt my breath return, but mist blurred everything. Say thank you, honey. The women carried the little boy off the apparatus, despite his complaints of dizziness; she held him firm and close, say thank you. Thank you. The little boy mumbled, rubbing his temple, he din t look at me, neither did his mother. I saw her face; it was the combination of a smile, wrinkles, and panic. Like a canvas smeared with clashing colors. My eyes rested on the books in the shadows, a few feet away from where I stood now. I retreated carefully, turning to say you re welcome every few steps. My eyes were like cameras unable to focus, every time I look back, everything seems to blur like ink dipped in water, swirling in shades of blue, gold and green. Letting out a pungent smell of women s perfume. The once beautiful and delicate canvas turned into a mess. Everything was churning together, forming colors the artist never meant to make, destroying the integrated artistic conception. People, like colors that clash, still have much fear toward others with different skins. Not only once have I thought, would it turn out differently if it was t me who stood there by the baby? Would the mother sit smiling and watch another girl play with her child, whose skin was anything other than yellow? This sin t discrimination, he said, biting into an apple, it s Just a lack of trust. its Just that simple.

17 Reasons Why You Should Go to Class in College

17 Reasons Why You Should Go to Class in College Some days it can be flat-out impossible to find the motivation to go to class. Its a lot easier to come up with reasons not to: You havent had enough sleep, you just need a break, you have other things to do, theres something more exciting going on, the professor is bad, the professor wont notice, you wont miss anything - or you just dont want to go. Even if all of these excuses are true, its important to take a step back and gain some perspective about why going to class in college really does matter. 1. Skipping Class Is a Big Waste of Money Lets say your tuition costs $5,600 this semester. If youre taking four courses, thats $1,400 per course. And if youre in class 14 weeks each semester, thats $100 a week per class. Lastly, if your course meets twice a week, youre paying a whopping $50 for each class. Youre paying that $50 whether or not you go, so you might as well get something out of it. (And if youre going to an out-of-state public school or a private school, youre probably paying way more than $50 per class.) 2. Youll Regret It If You Dont Going to class is like  going to the gym: Youll feel guilty if you dont go but awesome if you do. You know how, on some days, its nearly impossible to make yourself hit the gym? But on the days when you do go, youre always glad you did? Going to class often works the same way. You might lack the motivation at first, but it nearly always pays off later. Make yourself feel proud all day for going instead of guilty all day for not. 3. Today Could Be the Day You Learn Something Life-Changing Your professor might mention an organization that sounds interesting. Later, youll look it up, decide you want to volunteer for it, and ultimately land  a job after graduation. Does that seem far-fetched? Maybe. Maybe not. You never know when inspiration will strike in college.  Set yourself up for it by going to class and keeping an open mind about what kinds of things you can learn about and fall in love with. 4. Remember That Youre Here Because You Want to Be Is college easy and lovely and enjoyable all the time? Of course not. But you went to college because you wanted to, and there are a lot of students out there who dont have the opportunity to do what youre doing. Remember its a privilege to be working toward a college degree, and not going to class is a waste of your good fortune. 5. Youll Learn What You Need to Know You never know when your professor is going to drop that critical sentence in the middle of the lecture: This will be on the exam. And if youre home in bed instead of in a seat in class, youll never know how important todays lesson really was. 6. Youll Find Out What You Dont  Need to Know Conversely, your professor may say something along the lines of This is important for you to read and understand, but it wont be part of the upcoming midterm. Thatll come in handy later when youre deciding where to focus your efforts when studying. 7. You Might Learn Something Interesting Maybe youre only taking the course to meet a graduation requirement, but you just might - gasp! - learn something interesting in class today.   8. You Can Socialize Before and After Class Even if youre still wearing your pajama pants and barely make it to class on time, youll likely still have a minute or two to catch up with some friends. And even if you just commiserate about how youre still recovering from the weekend, the camaraderie can be nice. 9. Itll Actually Save You Time When Youre Studying Later Even if your professor just goes over the reading, that kind of review will help solidify things in your mind. Which means the hour you spent in class reviewing material is one less hour you have to spend studying later. 10. You Can Ask Questions   College is different than high school in a lot of ways, including the fact that the material is more difficult. Consequently, asking questions is an important part of your education. And its much easier to ask questions of your professor or TA when youre in class than when youre home trying to catch up on what you missed. 11. You Can Get Face Time With Your Professor While it may not seem important now, its incredibly helpful for your professor to know you - and vice versa. Even if he or she doesnt interact with you much, you never know how your class attendance might benefit you later. If, for example, you need help with a paper or are close to failing the class, having the professor know your face when you go talk to him or her down the road can definitely help you make your case. 12. You Can Get Face Time With Your TA Its important for you to make yourself familiar to your TA, too. TAs can be great resources - theyre often more accessible than a professor, and if you have a good relationship with them, they could be your advocate with the professor.   13. Youll Get Some Exercise Getting There If you dont think your brain can get anything out of going to class, maybe your body can. If youre walking, biking or using some other kind of body-powered transportation to get around campus, youll at least get some exercise from going to class today. And thats a good reason to go, right? 14. You Can Talk to That Certain Someone Is class for your academic pursuits? Definitely, and those should always take priority. But it doesnt hurt if just so happen to be taking a class with a person you want to get to know better. Even if you both are commiserating about what else youd rather be doing, neither of you would be talking with each other if you didnt show up for class today. 15. Youll Be More Prepared for Upcoming Work Its hard to be prepared for upcoming assignments if you dont go to class on a regular basis. Can you wing it? Maybe. But the amount of time you spend trying to undo the damage youve done by skipping class is likely much more than the amount of time you would have spent just going to class in the first place. 16. You Might Actually Enjoy Yourself You went to college to expand your mind, learn all kinds of new information, learn how to think critically and live an examined life. And once youre done with college, you may never again get to spend so much time doing those things. So even on the days when its super hard to find a reason to go to class, persuade yourself to go by reminding yourself how much you enjoy learning. 17. You Want to Graduate Dont you? Because that might be difficult if you get bad grades, which is more likely to happen if youre not going to class. Remember: Investing in a college education is only worthwhile if you actually get the degree. And if you have student loans, theyre going to be a lot harder to pay back if youre not benefitting from the higher earning potential that comes with a college degree.

Web Server Application Attacks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Web Server Application Attacks - Research Paper Example A command injection attack refers to an attack aimed at compromising the sensitive information featured in the back end database that supports the interactive aspects of a web application. Included under this category are issues like cross-site scripting (XSS) and Structured Query Language (SQL) injection. To curb this attack, organizations need to plan and address the security matters that pertain to their web solutions during web development or planning stages. Examples of such approaches would be to hire web application developers with proper knowledge on use of more sophisticated database capabilities like stored procedures to reside in the back end database system or the concept of data objects when writing APIs to access the database system that supports the web utilities. Equally, XSS issues can be handled by employing Model Viewer Controller (MVC) frameworks like Codeignitor while developing web applications. Such frameworks have in-built capabilities to suppress the efforts of clients who try to launch XSS attacks. A precaution taken during the development or planning of a web application is worthwhile for the reason that security issues are harder to handle once a system is deployed or implemented. The third type of attack that targets web servers is interception of unencrypted information that is channeled in communication sessions that take place between the client browsers and the servers. One way to combat this problem is to use Secure Socket Layer (SSL) in web-centered communication. SSL helps in creating an encrypted link between client-server communications. In particular, the concept uses SSL certificates (typically methods like symmetric and asymmetric encryption) to transfer sensitive information like social security numbers and credit card numbers. In the diagram, the server first sends a copy that bears its asymmetric

Eugenie Grandet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eugenie Grandet - Essay Example Both women are stubborn, Eugenie in catering to Charles, and Eugnie in her marketing. The two also share a simple modesty: Eugenie expects no reward when she pays all of Charles's creditors, even as she grieves at her loss of his love; when Eugnie saves the children from the bull, she "n'en tira aucun orgueil, ne se dourant meme pas qu'elle eut rien fait d'heroique" (17). While both show a certain strength of character, they also have a vulnerable side which allows others to exploit them. Eugenie and Eugnie both persist in seeing only the good in others: Eugenie first defies her father, then softens toward him, even as his avarice becomes more and more extreme. Eugnie's respect for Mme Aubain, "qui cependant n'etait pas une personne agreable", never flags. Upon embracing her mistress for the first time, Eugnie "la cherit avec un devouement bestial et une veneration religieuse" (49); it is the narrator's more realistic appraisal of the gesture that deflates Eugnie's optimism in the re ader's eyes. In short, both heroines are fundamentally and profoundly good and this goodness, perhaps the most important aspect of their "coeurs simples," only increases as their stories unfold. When Eugnie reads Charles's letter to Annette, she finds in it what she herself has put in: "For young women who get a religious upbringing and who are innocent and pure, everything is love as soon as they step in the enchanted regions of love. They walk surrounded by the celestial light that their soul projects and that fall like rays on their lover; they color him with the fires of their own feeling and lend him their most beautiful thoughts". The association between Eugenie and Eugnie that emerges in the mind of the reader is confirmed by the conclusions of the two works, particularly by the emphasis in Eugenie Grandet on the contrasting fate of her character towards Charles. Not only does her character towards Charles become Eugenie's soul mate, but more important, she literally changes functions, escaping the destiny of a servant. While her character towards Charles ultimately appears to have overcome all obstacles and found happiness, Eugenie, like Eugnie, continues to suffer. The initial bond that seemed to link her character towards Charles and Eugnie is thus weakened in the reader's eyes, and that between Eugenie and Eugnie strengthened. It is important to recognize, however, that Eugenie's suffering is itself proof that she feels and understands much more than her character towards Charles; indeed, her character towards Charles's prosperity is superficial. The fact that the narrator focuses on her character towards Charles at this critical point in the novel only underlines the irony of the swift change in fortune that the servant experiences, and deepens our appreciation of Eugenie's psychological transformation. Although both Eugenie and Eugnie face a future that seems bleak in comparison to that of her character towards Charles, it is perhaps not entirely pessimistic. We are reminded at the end of Eugenie Grandet of the heroine's lack of formal education, but also that her inherent goodness, the most important aspect of her simplicity, assures her of a place in heaven. The fact that she has

Diffusion process of innovation adoption Essay Example for Free

Diffusion process of innovation adoption Essay Analyzing corporate blog as a successful innovation in DIO theory Figure 3. Rogers Diffusion of Innovation Theory Model in Context of Corporate Blog and Bloggers’ Perception In context of the research, the theory describes both the individual and the organization’s process of knowing through adopting and accepting an innovation. Particularly in this proposal, the diffusion of innovation will evaluate the process by which corporate blog is perceived by two of our independent variables, the employees and the company which allows corporate blogging. The study will use the qualities Rogers’ stated to analyze the perception of bloggers on corporate blogging. In the study, the relative advantage of corporate blogs over media advertisements will be investigated. We will examine the bloggers’ perspective on which one is better — corporate blog or advertisements. Corporate blogs’ compatibility with existing values and practices of the employers and employees will be evaluated through examining whether they perceive corporate blogging to be helpful in achieving their goals and objectives as well as their cultural values. Simplicity and ease of use of corporate blogging will be delved upon through examining whether corporate blogging offers tools that aid bloggers to use easily. Trialability will be examined by investigating the accessibility of corporate blogging not just to the regular users but to the others as well. Observable results will be demonstrated through investigating the visibility of the results provided by corporate blogging. Perceptions of bloggers will help us determine the rate of acceptance of bloggers on corporate blogging. The researcher would also try to determine whether the existing subculture brought about by economic and cultural factors affect eh perception of employees and stakeholders when it comes to corporate blog as discussed by Rogers (1995); that in social systems there are certain limitations that hold people from accepting innovations. In this case, individuals who don’t posses computers would not be able to frequently access corporate blogs even though they try to access corporate blogspots more often. There are several reasons why this theory is chosen over others. First, there are a number of researches that report successful applications of this theory especially in information systems research. Secondly, the model is easy to integrate into our research given our time constraint. Lastly, the premises stated in the theory are significantly related to the factors we want to consider to analyze the rate of acceptance of bloggers to blogging as a kind of new innovation. Research design and methodology Methodology review. Taken into consideration the importance of using a systematic manner to conduct a research, a systematic approach will be adopted in undertaking of this project to ensure that objectives of this research are fully investigated, and data collect are well analyzed and evaluated. Therefore, a methodology, introduced by Bennett et al. (2002) will be applied at different stages of the project. This methodology is called SQUIRO, which stands for Sampling, Questionnaires, Interviews, Reading or Research and Observations. Sampling is used to choose a representative group of a certain social trend. A questionnaire was designed to collect empirical data, and although initially, it was considered that doing an interview would not be feasible due to geographic limitations, an interview with the two corporations namely Microsoft and Tongfang located near the area of the author was done by the author to gain further information. The main body of this dissertation is based on the researched and investigated outcomes from current issues. A literature review provides the academic foundations from the previous research on which the subsequent theoretical framework for the current investigation can be based on, and the hypothesis developed. Online observations of bloggers and their blogs are conducted to generate objective view of the problem domain. Survey research is one of the most important areas of measurement in applied social research. The broad area of survey research encompasses any measurement procedures that involve asking questions of respondents. A â€Å"survey† can be anything from a short paper-and-pencil feedback form to an intensive one-on-one in-depth interview (Trochim 2006, http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/survey. php ). Research Design and Data Collection Detail The study used qualitative and quantitative data analysis. For the qualitative research, case studies and interviews have been carried out. Survey and questionnaire methods have also been used in gathering quantitative date. (see the table 3 for the survey form, page 15) The case research has been chosen to track and understand the history of the perception and adoption of blogging as a new innovation by the successful corporation in the business industry. The interview will also be carried out in the research process. The interview will help to find out the relationship between the employer and internal blogger, and further testify, discover and summaries the effects and benefits of the corporate blog as a new innovation. For the case study, the author will acquire a list of IT companies who have set up their own successful corporate blogs. The author will choose a corporation from all the top corporations, such as SUN, MICRSOFT, GOOGLE, LIANXIANG, TONGFANG. Through the case study, the author will determine how the companies set up their blogs and their main purpose of setting up these blogs. This will help in determining how a company as a whole perceives corporate blogging. The author will interview the top managers. The interview will cover questions about the managers’ blogging habits (if they have) and their perceptions on blogging. The managers will also be asked to identify the top 30 employees who regularly post blog entries into their corporate blogs. Once the managers identify the top 30 employees, the author will contact these employees to ask permission for an interview. The questions to be asked from the employees would be the same questions as with the managers’. The interview will help in determining which factors affect the bloggers’ perceptions on corporate blogging. However, there are associated risks with interviews as this can bring extremely variable answers, low reliability and difficult to code (Foddy, 1993). Thus, the researcher included quantitative data to bring about best results. For the quantitative data, a survey questionnaire form will be distributed to the managers and the employees interviewed. The questionnaires will consist of 30 5-point-scaled questions addressing the research questions stated previously. This will help in measuring the rate of acceptance of bloggers to corporate blogs as a kind of new innovation. This will allow us to gauge the strength of the blog media. To test the perception of our variables under study, Roger’s (1995) Diffusion of Innovation theory have been used. The survey questionnaire form is shown in Table 3. is followed by the questions asked to the managers Table 3. Survey Questionnaire Form Name (its optional to place your name): Name of Company: Sex: Address (please state brief location): Monthly Family Income (please check): ___ less than $100 ___ $100-$500 ___ $600-$ 900 ___ $1000-$3000 ___ $4000-$7000 ___ more than $7000 ___others please specify ______________ Item No. Question Agree 5 Some-what Agree 4 Don’t Care 3 Some- What Disagree 2 Dis-agree 1 1 I have full access to the internet, and I am knowledgeable about blogging. 2 I would blog, even if my corporation does not have any programs for blogging 3 I would like to learn more about blogging 4 Blogging helps promote our company’s services 5 Blogging is a better way to promote products/services than printed media, online advertisements, and other media advertisements 6 Blogging promotes our company’s culture. 7 Corporate blogging fits with our company’s strategy 8 Corporate blogging helps in achieving our company’s goals. 9 Corporate blogging is a key component to our company’s overall success. 10 Blogging is user friendly. 11 Blogging has many tools that can be used 12 The tools in corporate blogging are easy to use. 13 I can post blog entries anytime I want. 14 I can choose to start my own blog or not. 15 Corporate blogging helps in disclaiming negative reactions and publicities 16 Corporate blogging offers advantages to bloggers 17 Blogging offers immediate feedback from the readers. 18 Blogging promotes immediate feedback from customers than print, online, and other media advertisements. 19 Blogging helps in communicating with clients. 20 Our corporate blog site is accessible to the public 21 Blogging is a way to publish ideas easily. 22 Blogging is a way to provide information for readers, especially potential customers 23 Blogging provides communication with employers and employees. 24 I briefly understand legal issues in corporate blogging 25 Blogging might be a threat to my company’s privacy 26 Blogging empowers me to speak, and voice my thoughts 27 Blogging is a venue for me to interact with my co-workers, customers, and corporate executives 28 I use more of my time blogging than any other activity. 29 I blog regularly 30 I would encourage my friends to blog.

Lewis Carroll Essay -- Lewis Carroll Biography Biographies Essays

Lewis Carroll Lewis Carroll is a well known and talked about author, whose writings have stirred up much controversy. His work has inspired ballot, puppet shows, and even music videos. (Vink). Lewis Carroll is an outstanding English writer because of his background, his position in English literature, and his many works, such as his novel, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† â€Å"‘Lewis Carroll,’ as he was to become known, was born on January 27, 1832 (Leach 1). He was raised on a parsonage that was located in the middle of a cornfield. The family even raised livestock to supplement their income. Carroll was the oldest of four boys and seven girls. He referred to his mother as â€Å"‘one of the sweetest and gentlest women that ever lived,’ and was notable for the energy with which she ran the household.† ( Carpenter and Prichard 97). She taught all her children at home while they were young. His father was an ordained priest. It was in 1843 when Carroll was eleven, the family moved to Yorkshire. This was a much more lucrative living arrangement; in fact, the house was â€Å"... so big that Mr. Dodgson was able to find room on the grounds for a school holding about [sixty] children† (97). At twelve, Carroll was sent to grammar school at Richmond where he was happy and hard- working. However, two years later he was sent on to a small private school at Rugby, where he was apparently bullied. Something he wrote a few years later aroused the suspicion that he may have suffered from some form of sexual abuse while at Rugby, but this is only a speculation. â€Å"He left Rugby at the end of 1849 and ...went on in January 1851 to Oxford: to his father’s old college, Christ Church† (Leach 2). After only two days, he had to return home because â€Å"his mother had died of ‘Inflammation of the Brain’– perhaps meningitis or a stroke – at the age of forty- seven† (2) This did not seem to distract Carroll much or if it did it did not show, for he returned right back to Oxford where â€Å"the following year he achieved a first in Honour Moderations, and was nominated to a Studentship (2). He later won the Christ Church Mathematical Lectureship that he held for twenty-six years. â€Å"The income was good but the work bored him† (2). â€Å"He became deacon of the Church of England in 1861 but chose not to go further† ( Bla... ...e in which many pages from his diary were missing. Years later after Alice was married, Carroll sent her a letter that read, â€Å"I’ve had scores of child friends but they have been quite a different thing† (Vink). It was six years after Carroll wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland that he decided to write the sequel to it called Through the Looking Glass. â€Å"The story was based on a chess game which is believed by some that is represents Alice becoming as adult and when Alice wins the chess game, Carroll loses Alice† (Vink). Without a doubt, Lewis Carroll is truly an outstanding English writer as a result of his background, his position in English literature, and his many writings, including his novel, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† One critic had this to say about Lewis Carroll: He had a knack for being able to make the oldest person feel as if he/she was seven and a half, and following a rabbit, or any other animal that people think of when they see, or hear the words, â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.† What they do not think of are the oddities Lewis Carroll put so much thought into while writing the book (www.studyworld.com).

Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image?

â€Å"Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image? † Nanci Hellmich’s â€Å"Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image? † published in Elements of Argument summarizes the effects models’ images have on young girls. Hellmich brings to our attention the influence models have on the female mindset. Psychologist, Sharon Lamb, points out that it is perfectly normal that girls want to look good, but it should not be their main focus (706). Many of the models developing a serious eating disorder, is portraying to young girls that having an eating disorder or being extremely thin is the standard way to look (706).The issue of body image is one, which grows greater as the years go on. An ex-Victoria Secret model was â€Å"shocked† by how thinner their figures are becoming (705). From a very young age, girls are hit from every direction to have a thin body. Whether it is television, movies, or magazines. Having a tremendously thin body in today’s so ciety is what is expected. Hellmich’s purpose is to show the negative vibe models’ give off to the younger generations of girls. In the world today, girls feel as though if they do not look exactly like the models’ they see all over media, than they are over weight.She also points out that being thin is not the only issue people face. They also face the issue of being overweight, which also affects a person’s health (707). Hellmich does an outstanding job at showing us professional input using ethos. She points out that psychologist and eating-disorder experts think fashion industries have push models into dangerously unhealthy body types (705). Professor of psychiatrics in Chicago states, â€Å"super-thin models can play a role in causing anorexia† (706).The models that young girls of this time are looking up to are pushing themselves to develop a life stopping eating disorder. Pathos is found when we think about how young the impression of what a re bodies are suppose to look like begins. Researchers have found that young girls start getting this message as young as first grade (707). Even at an age as early as that they feel that the culture is telling them that they have to look like a model. Writers for magazines say that girls should not wish to look like the models they envy because they are â€Å"freaks of nature† (707).Sarah Murnen, a professor of psychology, conducted a study with girls ages ten and older on what level they had with their body esteem. More then 6,000 girls had poor body image from the exposure they had to fashion magazines, where as a trivial 18 percent rejected the image of models and felt comfortable with their bodies (707). Hellmich brings out numerous facts on the issue of body image in young girls. Glamour’s points out that they believe that every woman no matter what shape or size deserves respect. They do not run photographs of women who are at an unhealthy weight.Every woman can look wonderful without wearing a smaller size (708). This shows the majority of magazine producers are making it a priority to select women for their magazines who are of all shapes and sizes. The tone of this article is one of concerned and worried. Concern for the younger generations of girls and what they see as beautiful. As the seasons pass, ex-models are noticing the differences in the models weight. Psychologist and experts are beginning to worry about the influence models are having on very impressionable females.Over all, the article’s claims are effective. Showing girls who think looking like an extremely thin model is not the best choice. The terrible measures girls have to take to look like the world is telling them to look, can be dangerous and life taking. Works Cited Hellmich, Nanci, â€Å"Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image? † Pediatrics, Vol. 114, No. 3, September 2004. Rpt. in Elements of Argument: A Text and Reader. 10th ed. Annette T, Rott enberg and Donna Haisty Winchell. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2012. 705-709. Print.

Indian Premier League Essay

Cricket is a very fast-paced, high-energy sport but it’s also big business. Professional teams that belong to the Indian Premier League pay each of their players, the estimated value that could range from INR 20 lakh (INR 2 million) to INR 2 crore (INR 20 million) per year depending on his experience and stature. For that amount of money, member teams expect a great deal and are constantly on the watch for ways of improving their performance. During a 59-game season, every nuance a coach can pick up about a weakness in an opponent’s offense or the shots of one of his own players will translate into more runs on the scoreboard, more wins, and ultimately more money for the team. Traditional cricket game statistics failed to capture all of the details associated with every play and was not easily related to videotapes of games. As a result, decisions about changes in tactics or how to take advantage of opponents’ weaknesses were based primarily on hunches and gut instincts. Coaches could not easily answer questions such as â€Å"Which types of plays are hurting us? † Now professional cricket coaches and managers are taking their cues from other businesses and learning how to make decisions based on hard data. The software available with the Indian Team was very generic and did not produce any analytical information. For the same reason, John Wright wanted to have quite a few reports to help him make decisions based on the statistical data. A company called Sports Mechanics has found a way to collect and organize fine-grained statistical data and relate the data to associated video clips. Sports Mechanics employs just 5 people to match up video of each play with statistical information about every ball bowled within the match. For example, who bowled it, who is the batsman, who is the non-striker, where did the ball pitch, what did the ball do, where was the ball hit, how many runs were scored off it, who fielded it, how did he field it, which end did he throw, what was the outcome of the ball, etc. Once the tagging is done, when the query is done according to the tag, then the relevant video plays. Queries can be done by multiple layers of filters by bowler, by batsman, by type of ball, etc. Each game is dissected and tagged, play by play, using hundreds of descriptive categories and these data are linked to high-resolution video. Coaches then use an index to locate the exact video clip in which they are interested and access the video at a protected Web site. Within seconds they are able to watch streaming video on the protected site or they can download it to laptops, iPods, play stations, etc. For example, if the Kolkata Knightriders have just lost to the Rajasthan Royals and gave up too many runs, Knightriders coach can use Sports Mechanics’ service to see video clips of every Rajasthan Royals’ batting performance in the game. He can also view every Kolkata Knightriders transitional situation for the entire season to see how that game compared with others. According to Kolkata Knightriders owner Shahrukh Khan, â€Å"the system allows us to look at every play, in every way, and tie it back to stats. So we can watch how we played every ball, track our success rate, and see how other teams are doing it. The service helps coaches analyze the strengths and weaknesses of individual players. For example, Sports Mechanics’ system has recorded every offensive step of the Kolkata Knightriders’ Shoaib Akhtar since he joined IPL. The system can show how successfully he is blowing in either home or away games, with the ability to break games and player performance into increasingly finer-grained categories. If a user clicks on any statistic, that person will find video clips from any of the games of any season of IPL that show Shoaib’s particular bowling move. Mr. S. Ramakrishnan, the Indian Cricket Team Analyst and the founder of Sports Mechanics has since 2003 helped over 5,000 cricketers and provided analysis and soft ware to ICC and 21 countries. About 7 teams in the IPL; all except Royal Challengers have already signed up for the Sports Mechanics’ service, and are using it to help them scout for promising national and international players. Although nothing will ever replace the need to scout players in person, the service has reduced IPL teams’ skyrocketing travel costs. Sources: Sports Mechanics; Base 1 USD = 50 INR as of 11, January, 2009 The challenges facing IPL teams show why information systems are so essential today. Like other businesses, professional cricket faces pressure from high costs, especially for team member salaries and travel to search for new talent. Teams are trying to increase revenue by improving employee performance, especially the performance of cricket team members. The chapter-opening diagram calls attention to important points raised by this case and this chapter. Management was unable to make good decisions about how to improve the performance of teams and of individual players because it lacked precise data about plays. It had to rely on â€Å"best guesses† based on videotapes of games. Management found a new information system to provide better information. The information system is based on a service provided by Sports Mechanics. Sports Mechanics’ staff members break down each game into a series of plays and then categorize each play by players, type of play, and the outcome. These data are tagged to the videos they describe to make the videos easy to search. IPL coaches and management can analyze the data to see which offensive and defensive moves are the most effective for each team player. Team members themselves can use laptops, play stations, iPods, etc to download the videos to help them prepare for games. This innovative solution makes it possible for basketball management to use objective statistical data about players, plays and outcomes to improve their decision making about what players should or shouldn’t do to most effectively counter their opponents.

250 Words per Page Term Paper

250 Words per Page Term Paper 250 Words per Page Term Paper 250 Words per Page Term Paper Ordering custom term paper writing service, you expect to receive at least 250 words per page term paper. offers more: 275 words page! Thus, if you need 1500 words, you should order 5 instead of 6 pages! We are working hard to save your money while providing you with custom term papers written from scratch! Moreover, our free term paper blog is continuously updated with free samples and examples of written term papers! Term Paper Sample Free The main deterrent to permitting abortion on demand is the law which rules on abortion just as it does on crime, taxes or zoning regulations. Legally, abortion first became a crime in England in 1803. This law differentiated between a fetus that had not yet quickened or moved, the aborting of which carried a penalty of fourteen years as an indentured servant, and a fetus which had moved, the aborting of which was termed manslaughter and was punishable by hanging. The law was revised in 1860 removing these distinctions and making it equally serious to perform any abortion. In the United States, Connecticut was the first state to pass an abortion law in 1820, but abortion during the early months before quickening was not made an offense until 1860. In 1828, New York had made abortion legal in cases where such an operation would save the life of the mother. The current legal situation is a mass of confusion in the sense that there is no Federal law governing abortion and each state has its own separate abortion laws not unlike the divorce law situation. Pressure for the repeal or liberalization of existing abortion restrictions comes from a number of different groups who feel we must help women find a solution to the quandary of unwanted pregnancies. In addition to women's organizations, which insist on complete repeal (and were in part responsible for the repeal of the law in New York), religious leaders and individual legislators have suggested that some changes in the hundred-yearold legal statutes are vital since they impinge on women's constitutional rights. But even among the legislators themselves, the subject is one of emotional conviction in either direction. An example of this was the recent effort in the 1969 session of the New York State legislature to liberalize the state's abortion law. Legislators had been canvassed by su pporters of the new bill and it was thought the bill had a good chance of passing. On the day of voting, however, an impassioned speech by a legislator who was also a badly crippled victim of polio, eloquently expressing the right of every child to be born, wanted or not, deformed or not, (what if there had been no Helen Keller, Toulouse-Lautrec or Lord Byron?), caused a number of members who were pledged to support the bill to renege. The bill was subsequently defeated for the third consecutive year. Custom Term Paper Writing If you want to impress your teacher with professionally written term paper, you may freely ask our writers for professional assistance with writing! Term paper written with our help will satisfy the requirements of the most demanding teachers. Our writers are experienced, educated and never late with delivery.

Creating Effective Matching Questions for Assessments

Creating Effective Matching Questions for Assessments As teachers create their own tests and quizzes, they typically want to include a variety of objective questions. The four major types of objective questions include multiple choice, true-false, fill-in-the-blank, and matching. Matching questions are made up of two lists of related items that students must pair up by deciding which item in the first list corresponds to an item in the second list. They are appealing to many teachers because they provide a compact way to test a great deal of information in a short amount of time. However, creating effective matching questions requires some time and effort. Advantages of Using Matching Questions Matching questions have a number of advantages. As already stated, they are great at allowing teachers the ability to ask a number of questions in a short amount of time. In addition, these types of questions are quite useful for students with a low reading ability. According to Benson and Crocker (1979) in Educational and Psychological Measurement, students with low reading ability scored better and more consistently with matching questions than the other types of objective questions. They were found to be more reliable and valid. Thus, if a teacher has a number of students who have lower reading scores, they might want to consider including more matching questions on their assessments. Hints for Creating Effective Matching Questions The directions for a matching question need to be specific. Students should be told what they are matching, even if it seems obvious. They should also be told how they are to record their answer. Further, the directions need to clearly state whether an item will be used once or more than once. Here is an example of well-written matching directions:Directions: Write the letter of the American president on the line next to his description. Each president will be used only once.Matching questions are made up of premises (left column) and responses (right column). More responses should be included than premises. For example, if you have four premises, you might want to include six responses.The responses should be the shorter items. They should be organized in an objective and logical manner. For example, they might be organized alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically.Both the list of premises and the list of responses should be short and homogenous. In other words, do not put to o many items on each matching question. All responses should be logical distractors for the premises. In other words, if you are testing authors with their works, do not throw in a term with its definition.Premises should be approximately equal in length.Make sure that all of your premises and responses are on the same test printed page. Limitations of Matching Questions Even though there are a number of advantages to using matching questions, there are also a number of limitations that teachers must consider before including them in their assessments. Matching questions can only measure factual material. Teachers cannot use these to have students apply the knowledge they have learned or analyze information.They can only be used to assess homogenous knowledge. For example, a question based on matching elements with their atomic numbers would be acceptable. However, if a teacher wanted to include an atomic number question, a chemistry definition, a question about molecules, and one about states of matter, then a matching question would not work at all.They are most easily applied at an elementary level. Matching questions work quite well when the information being tested is basic. However, as a course increases in complexity, it is often difficult to create effective matching questions.

Phonetics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phonetics - Assignment Example Contrary, a monophthong is a pure vowel sound whose articulation at the beginning and the end is comparatively fixed. In his research, Yousef candidly states that Arabic is currently the world’s 2nd most spoken language considering the large number of people who speak it all over the world. Disparagingly, it has received less attention from researchers and scholars and little has been done in reference to its acoustics. The (MSA)Modern Standard Arabic has two diphthongs -/ay/ Ø £Ã™Å "" , with the glide beginning from the vowel /a/ to consonant /y/ as evident in the word /bayt/Ø ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ª. The second diphthong is -/aw/ "Ø £Ã™Ë†" where the glide begins from /a/ to /w/ as in / nawm / (sleep) (Odisho, 2005). Noteworthy, its diphthongs are a combination of consonant and vowel. Moreover, further research indicates that it is Lebanese dialect that is conserving the original pronunciations having /e/ and /o/ as the only diphthongs. The other dialects within Arabic have been tainted with dialectical speeches and do not preserve this original articulation but contain the aforementioned diphthongs. English has eight diphthongs divided into two; centering and closing diphthongs. Centering diphthongs end with a glide -/É ªÃ‰â„¢/ towards /É™/, the central vowel. At the beginning of the glide, the tongue position is at /I/ and moves towards /É™/ as found in ‘beer’. Other centering diphthongs are -/ÊŠÉ™/ and -/ eÉ™/ as found in ‘sure’ and ‘chair’ respectively. The closing diphthongs end with a slither towards / ÊŠ/ or /i/. Such diphthongs include -/ei/, -/É”É ª/, -/ai/, -/əʊ/ and -/aÊŠ/ (Odisho, 2005). Moreover, the MSA and English have monophthongs that are at times confused or merged with diphthongs. MSA stands out with only 3 monophthongs as indicated in figure 1 below. Arabic depends on the 3 monophthongs in all its constructions and this indicate why the language is sometimes perceived to be limited in application although a

Constitutional Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Constitutional Policing - Research Paper Example stood their duties as far as the constitution is concerned, however, there are instances where they have been seen overstep their mandate in the process of constitutional implementation. When this happens, the individual or party that is offended has the right to take the matter to courts for prosecution or constitutional interpretation of the validity of the action done by the police (Zotti, Dubs & Machado 2005). In this case, the United States Police are said to have overstepped their mandate and failed to follow the constitutional procedure in arresting Weeks, in establishment of this case; the police had entered Weeks home and seized his papers, convicting him later of transporting lottery tickets through mail. What Fremont weeks was not happy about is the search in his house was done without a search warrant, something that he thought was unconstitutional in his thinking. Later, Fremont weeks decided to report and take the police to court, protesting that they searched his house unconstitutionally without a search warrant and confiscated his work documents. In the process, he also decided to petition the court to return his private possession since he relied on them to do his work. In reaching its unanimous decision, the court agreed that the process by which Week’s possession was seized by the police was wrong and unconstitutional. At the same time, the court ruled that the decision by the government to withhold and refuse to hand back Weeks possession was also unconstitutional. Allowing seizure of an individual’s private documents and using them as evidence against him would be interpreted is being of no value, this would make it impossible to protect citizens against such searches and seizures as put forth in the Fourth Amendment. It is important o understand that the first application of this law later became the first of its own, setting precedence in future cases that would take the same path, it was later referred to as the â€Å"exclusionary

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K - Essay Example Consumers can now find jeans at  £3 in many outlets including Tesco and Matalan. The supermarkets however, have shifted away from selling the discounted brands and concentrate on building their own labels. Prices in the mass market have fallen due to cheaper imports especially from China, and because other retail brands like Marks & Spencer, Next, and Burtons have reduced their prices. The premium brand jeans are struggling to justify their price tags against the own-label brands at  £20-40. Jeans in the UK market are trying to differentiate themselves with cult connotations, lifestyle images, and distinctive details (Mintel 2005). At the same time, below-cost pricing methods by the super markets and their increasing presence in the convenience store sector have prompted government intervention (BBC 2006). In the clothing industry and in the jeans industry in particular, several factors like innovation and new products have to be introduced frequently. Recently, when there was a shift from bootleg jeans to narrow skinny styles, sales went up remarkably high. This has caused the denim market to reach sales of $15.26 billion ( £8.79 billion) in 2005, an increase of 9.3 percent from the year before (FashionUnited 2006). .At the same time, research suggests that brands continue to play an important role for the purchase of jeans (Jeans1 2006). Standard clothing seems to the major market, with fashion wear taking only about 15% of all sales (Keynote n.d.). Standard women’s wear has the largest share and national players dominate these sectors while fashion clothing also have strong but regional chains. The growth in the recent years has been in the discount clothing market. Jeans are ageless and not outrageously youthful in design, which effectively means that men, women and children of all ages use it. Consumers expect low prices, and increasing incomes are the key to increased economic activity. According to Jones and Hayes

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision

Exploring The Practice Of Supervision Supervision is the practice where a counsellor can talk to a professional who is trained to identify any psychological or behavioural changes in the counsellor that could be due to an inability to cope with issues presented by clients. A supervisor is also responsible for challenging practices and procedures, developing improved or different techniques, and informing clients of alternative theories and/or new practices, as well as industry changes. The supportive and educative process of supervision is aimed toward assisting supervisees in the application of counselling theory and techniques to client problems (Bernard Goodyear, 2009). Supervision is a usually a regular, formal arrangement for counsellors to discuss their work with someone who is experienced in counselling and supervision. The task is to work together to ensure and develop the efficiency of the counsellor/client relationship, maintain adequate standards of counselling and a method of consultancy to widen the horizons of an experienced practitioner (ACA, 2009). Aim of Supervision Generally, supervision has two primary goals: to monitor client care and ensure clients are receiving appropriate therapeutic counselling, and to enhance professional functioning (Bernard Goodyear, 2009). Supervision provides benefits for counsellors such as support, an opportunity to discover new ideas and strategies, as well as personal and professional development. Another benefit in addition to counsellor support and development is learning across the professional lifespan of counsellors life long learning (Borders Usher, 1992). The intention of supervision is to provide a means of support, and ongoing learning and professional development for counsellors who frequently work with difficult and stressful cases. This serves to prevent excess stress and burnout (Haynes, Corey, Moulton, 2003). The educational and encouraging role of the supervisor focuses on creating a secure setting where the supervisee can reflect on their work, get feedback, direction, reassess their capabilities and gain greater understanding about their work, clients and themselves with the aim of protecting the client and offering best possible counselling practices (Powell, 1993). In order to promote counsellor development supervision needs to take place in a safe and appropriate environment. To achieve this, as in a counselling session, empathy, openness, and positive regard are essential (Egan, 2007). Both parties must also trust in the integrity and honesty of the other. An ethical framework is necessary to promote this trust, and there should be an appreciation of the importance of the supervision process, which reduces the pressure on the counsellor to produce an outcome at the cost of the process and the working relationship. The ethical principals of counselling are intended as a guide and framework for the responsibilities of counsellors: showing consideration for the trust of participants, respecting their independence, committing to the promotion of the well-being of all participants and at a minium, to do no harm, to respect each individual and treat everyone justly and without bias, and seeking professional development (Egan, 2007). The obligation to work ethically will improve provision and the reception of services, and allow opportunities for development for both parties to take place. The supervisor has a responsibility to ensure that confidentiality is maintained, and any information obtained in a clinical or consulting relationship is discussed only for professional purposes and only with persons clearly concerned with the case (ACA, 2009). Different ways of evaluating the supervisory process can be important both for the supervisor and the supervisee. Establishing a contract for the supervisory relationship makes evaluation easier. The contract should include the students developmental needs, the supervisors competencies, and supervisory goals and methods (Stoltenberg Delworth, 1987). Ground rules set up at the start are important to clarify the expectations of the supervisor as well as the supervisee, and that the responsibility for success of the process rests with both parties. As part of the contract it is important to discuss what can and cant stay confidential. Throughout the supervision process, the supervisor is responsible for evaluating the quality of the supervisory relationship (Powell, 1993). Occasionally things happen between a supervisor and supervisee that has nothing to do with the individuals themselves, but with what and who the person reminds them of. Feelings can be transferred from other associations onto the supervisor. Also the feelings a supervisor may experiences towards a supervisee can be linked to experiences and associations in the past. In order to ensure the safety of both parties the practitioners must subscribe to a set code of practice and ethics (Powell, 1993). Personal Experience My personal experience of supervision has for the most part been very general, discussing casework and looking for feedback, ideas and strategies, and wide-ranging discussions concerning my personal experiences. My practicum has involved spending three hours a week at a local mens hostel, with some time set aside for discussion, coffee, and exchange of ideas. This time has been most helpful in dealing with feelings of frustration that arise, that can be very challenging for me and could present difficulties if not addressed. The assistance can come in the form of a reminder that it is not really about me, that change cannot be forced from the outside, or just a comment that things move slowly, and a positive outcome may take years. Unfortunately, there are few unique cases at the hostel, even if these cases are challenging and complex. Many of the individuals in residence present with dual diagnosis, and are well known to staff. There are no quick fixes or easy solutions, and staff cannot indulge in irritation or frustration over lack of resolutions. Sometimes, there will be no resolution or positive outcome. One resident was feeling very positive and looking forward to work one week, but was unable to return in subsequent weeks due to drug and alcohol use. I still that he will be able to return at a later date. It is also very distressing to see such young people with permanent impairment from drug and alcohol use, and realise that no amount of counselling or medical treatment will be able to provide them with a standard type of existence. Supervision can be used as a place to debrief, to share experiences, and brainstorm alternatives. It can be very reassuring to have someone to fall back on, and gain support from, in challenging or complex situations. I find it very useful to be able to talk things through, and then come to an individual understanding and acceptance of any given situation. Seeking a second opinion, background information on a resident and discussing approaches seems to make up most of supervision time, and some other functions of supervision have also happened more informally, over a cup of coffee in the staff room, particularly in relation to future employment. Unsurprisingly, as graduation draws nearer, it is also the career development aspect of supervision that has taken up a great deal of my thoughts where to go next, what sort of work would I best be suited to, what type of educational opportunities do I see coming up. This has for me been very valuable, as I can seek advice and tips from people in the field, and get a genuine appreciation for what it means to work in this field. Overall, I think it is generally expected, and helpful, for those who receive supervision to do some preparation before starting supervision, and to build up an awareness of what the supervision is to achieve. Not to consider it an obligation but as an opportunity to develop as a more effective counsellor Reviewing and reflecting on casework is a good way to think through what has happened in the past week, and where it will take us. Preparation can also help with bringing concerns and questions to ask supervisor, with seeking confirmation and clarification, and start the thought processes about what I need from the supervisor. Evaluation Fundamental to developmental models of supervision is the theory that as people and counsellors we are continuously growing and maturing; like all people we develop over time, and this development and is a process with stages or phases that are predictable. In general, developmental models of supervision define progressive stages of supervisee development from novice to expert, each stage consisting of discrete characteristics and skills (Bradley Ladany, 2000). Stoltenberg and Delworth (1987) depict a developmental model with three levels: beginning, intermediate, and advanced. In each level a counsellor may begin in an imitative way and move toward a more competent, self-assured and self-reliant state for each level. Beginning supervisees would find themselves relatively dependent on the supervisor to understand or explain client behaviours and mind-sets and establish plans for intervention. Intermediate supervisees would depend on supervisors for an understanding of more complex clients, but would be irritated at suggestions about more simple cases. Resistance is characteristic of this stage, because the supervisees sense of self cab feel easily threatened. Advanced supervisees function independently, seek consultation when appropriate, and feel responsible for their own choices. For example, at my current beginner stage, I am expected to have limited skills and lack confidence as a counsellor, as I am only starting out as a trainee. With more time on the job, I should develop more skills and confidence, and perhaps conflicting feelings about perceived independence/dependence on my supervisor. In a later developmental stage, I would be expected to show high level communication abilities, good problem-solving skills and be reflective about the counselling and supervisory process (Haynes, Corey, Moulton, 2003). An awareness of these development stages can be very comforting, as I am not expected to be perfect on the first day on the job, or know everything about the field immediately. Rather, the expectation is that I have a capacity to learn, grow and improve, and each day be a little bit better. Supervision and professional development is important as it assists in the maintenance and improvement of my standard of practice. It can incorporate self directed and assisted learning, on the job training and coaching, include education through case discussions and presentations, and learning from our successes and mistakes (Powell, 1993). It is very encouraging to know that supervision can be something in addition to just making things clearer or providing a fresh approach to casework. Something more than focus and insight from a third party, or a sign that I am on the right track, or the opportunity to vent my frustrations concerning clients. In counselling, it has been put forward that supervision be entrenched into a broader discussion of lifelong learning, where supervision is viewed as one of a range of support and learning tools that counsellors may be encouraged to access (McMahon and Patton, 20002). Lifelong learning is being seen as essential for everyone, and, just as supervision in focused on preventing burn out and promoting personal development, lifelong learning is also primarily focused on sustaining longevity and endurance within working life (Holmes, 2002). Learning is the process of individuals constructing and transforming experience into knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, beliefs, emotions (Holmes, 2002), all of which are also sought after outcomes of supervision, and of practical use in counselling. Supervision encourages counsellors to reflect on their knowledge, skills, values and beliefs in order to bring to supervision an account of their experience, and through supervision transform it in such a way that it is significant and substantial, and able to be transferred into their work and personal learning (McMahon and Patton, 20002). Assisting and promoting the supervisees learning and professional development is primarily a matter of providing appropriate teaching and learning environments (Stoltenberg Delworth, 1987) and may involve the supervisor in providing students with opportunities to reflect on their values and to examine the influence of such values in the counsellors work with clients. The aim is to take full advantage of and recognise growth needed for the future, continuously identifying new areas of growth in a life-long learning process (McMahon and Patton, 20002). Conclusion Administrative supervision is something I am very familiar with after working in the public service for a dozen years. More often as peer supervision due to availability of personnel and cost, but also group and one-on-one supervision applied to different kinds of tasks. It was an activity that I found very helpful for my work, as it allowed me to be more efficient, effective, provide a more professional output, and to promote information sharing concerning best practice, improvements and innovations. This kind of supervision was strictly impersonal, and all about work. Unfortunately, there was little attention paid to the workers, and their well being, growth and development. Counselling supervision, on the other hand, has an extra dimension that is not considered when dealing with purely administrative matters. It takes a more holistic view of helping others, and acknowledges that we cannot help others unless we also help ourselves. Counselling supervision acknowledges that the counsellor is a part of the dialogue, and cannot be removed from the equation, and so takes steps to limit harm for all parties, to ensure that prejudices or preconceptions of the counsellor do not impact on any therapeutic relationship. Counselling supervision takes it that extra step to look at supporting the counsellor in their work, and in their development. Egan focuses very well on this when he looks at a certain level of self-knowledge, self-awareness and maturity as an essential requirement to being an effective counsellor (Egan, 2007). Supervision provides a space where counsellors can acknowledge and challenge any blind spots, overcome biases and become better counsellors. An appropriate supervisory relationship can help broaden therapeutic skills. It can be used to develop interventions and provide insights for assessments. Supervision can be used to focus on relational issues in order to cultivate patient/client resources, and to build up and support a counsellors own therapeutic influence. Supervision should enable counsellors to acquire new professional and personal insights through their own experiences.